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Citizen science (also known as crowd science, crowd-sourced science, civic science, volunteer monitoring or networked science) is scientific research conducted, in whole or in part, by amateur or nonprofessional scientists. Formally, citizen science has been defined as "the systematic collection and analysis of data; development of technology; testing of natural phenomena; and the dissemination of these activities by researchers on a primarily avocational basis." Citizen science is sometimes included in terms such as "public participation in scientific research", participatory monitoring and participatory action research. == Definition == The terms ''citizen science'' and ''citizen scientists'' entered the Oxford English Dictionary in June 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://public.oed.com/the-oed-today/recent-updates-to-the-oed/june-2014-update/new-words-notes-june-2014/ )〕 Citizen science is defined as ''scientific work undertaken by members of the general public, often in collaboration with or under the direction of professional scientists and scientific institutions'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/33513?redirectedFrom=citizen+science#eid316619123 )〕 and ''citizen scientists'', in the modern sense, are defined as "a scientist whose work is characterized by a sense of responsibility to serve the best interests of the wider community" or "'a member of the general public who engages in scientific work, often in collaboration with or under the direction of professional scientists and scientific institutions'" an amateur scientist.''〔 Prior to the term entering the Oxford English Dictionary the "Green Paper on Citizen Science: Citizen Science for Europe" was published and gave a definition for citizen science, referring to "the general public engagement in scientific research activities when citizens actively contribute to science either with their intellectual effort or surrounding knowledge or with their tools and resources. Participants provide experimental data and facilities for researchers, raise new questions and co-create a new scientific culture. While adding value, volunteers acquire new learning and skills, and deeper understanding of the scientific work in an appealing way. As a result of this open, networked and trans-disciplinary scenario, science-society-policy interactions are improved leading to a more democratic research, based on evidence-informed decision making as is scientific research conducted, in whole or in part, by amateur or non professional scientists." Citizen science may be performed by individuals, teams, or networks of volunteers. Citizen scientists often partner with professional scientists to achieve common goals. Large volunteer networks often allow scientists to accomplish tasks that would be too expensive or time consuming to accomplish through other means. Many citizen-science projects serve education and outreach goals. These projects may be designed for a formal classroom environment or an informal education environment such as museums. Citizen science has evolved over the past four decades. Recent projects place more emphasis on scientifically sound practices and measurable goals for public education. Modern citizen science differs from its historical forms primarily in the access for, and subsequent scale of, public participation; technology is credited as one of the main drivers of the recent explosion of citizen science activity. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Citizen science (also known as crowd science, crowd-sourced science, civic science, volunteer monitoring or networked science) is scientific research conducted, in whole or in part, by amateur or nonprofessional scientists. Formally, citizen science has been defined as "the systematic collection and analysis of data; development of technology; testing of natural phenomena; and the dissemination of these activities by researchers on a primarily avocational basis." Citizen science is sometimes included in terms such as "public participation in scientific research", participatory monitoring and participatory action research.== Definition ==The terms ''citizen science'' and ''citizen scientists'' entered the Oxford English Dictionary in June 2014.(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://public.oed.com/the-oed-today/recent-updates-to-the-oed/june-2014-update/new-words-notes-june-2014/ ) Citizen science is defined as ''scientific work undertaken by members of the general public, often in collaboration with or under the direction of professional scientists and scientific institutions'',(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/33513?redirectedFrom=citizen+science」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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